Deep Sky

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0 height="100%"><tr> <td valign="top" width=168 BGCOLOR="#000000" TEXT="#F7F7FF" background="13ea11c3.png"> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com"><B><IMG SRC="14f64510.png" border=0 width="100" height="81" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com"><B>Home</B></A></div> <bR> <div> <U>Emission nebulae</U></div> <div> are luminous clouds of gas and dust that usually glow because the gas is ionised by UV radiation from nearby stars of high surface temperature. Other less common causes are violent collision with another gas cloud or synchrotron radiation as charged particles spiral around a magnetic field.</div> <bR> <div> <U>Planetary nebulae</U> are shells of gas and dust that are puffed out of ordinary mass stars that are in the process of dying. The nebula glows because it is being bombarded by the UV light emitted from the dying star. With the outer atmosphere of the star blown away, what remains is a hot core whose temperature is typically 100,000K - hence the UV! The star will turn into a white dwarf that slowly fades, becoming a so called black dwarf. Our own star, the sun, wil end its life this way in about 5 billion years time.</div> <bR> <div> <U>Reflection nebula</U> is a cloud of gas and dust that reflects or scatters starlight.</div> <bR> <div> <U>Open clusters</U> are groups of stars that formed together in the spiral arms of a galaxy.</div> <bR> <div> <U>Globular clusters</U> are roughly spherical groups of old stars in the halo of a galaxy. They can contain a million stars with a very high concentration in their cores.</div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" width="100%" BGCOLOR="#000000" TEXT="#F7F7FF"> <div> <B>Deep Sky</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="00758020.png" border=0 width="600" height="2" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Emission nebulae</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1b908b80.jpg" border=0 width="520" height="696" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B>Gamma Cygni: IC 1318 emission nebula and  NGC 6910 open cluster</B></div> <bR> <div> The brilliant star is Gamma Cygni and below it and to the right is the open cluster </div> <div> NGC 6910. The red nebulosity is part of the extensive emission nebula, IC 1318.</div> <bR> <div> Megrez 80mm fluorite triplet apo refractor @ F4.8; SXV-H9 CCD; Baader UV/IR blocker; Trutek RGB filters.</div> <div> R = 46 x 1 min.; G = 36 x 1 min.;  B = 46 x 1 min. RRGB blended image.</div> <div> Mediocre transparency: limiting naked-eye magnitude about 5.5.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1b0aaf60.jpg" border=0 width="682" height="502" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>IC 1318</B></div> <bR> <div> 80mm Megrez triplet fluorite apo refractor @ F4.8.</div> <div> Total exposure times of 100 mins H-alpha and 30 mins with each of R, G and B using SXV-H9 CCD.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/IC1318" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/IC1318"><B>Click here for full size version!</B></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1ac58c00.jpg" border=0 width="600" height="448" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>North America and Pelican Nebulae</B></div> <bR> <div> 135mm F2.8 lens with Astronomik 13nm H-alpha filter mounted in front.</div> <div> Total exposure of 3h 07m with an SXV-H9 CCD.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/NANPelican" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/NANPelican"><B>Click here for full size version!</B></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1a1902a0.jpg" border=0 width="400" height="298" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Orion Nebula, M42</B></div> <div> SXV-H9 CCD on Orion 80 ED Apo refractor @ F4.8</div> <div> Blend of 43 x 1min H-alpha, 43 x 15sec Luminance, 34 x 30sec Blue, 42 x 30sec Green</div> <div> <B>Click for:  </B><A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/M42" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/M42"><B>600 x 448 medium resolution version</B></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1b7c2580.jpg" border=0 width="450" height="600" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>NGC 2264  Christmas Tree Cluster  and Cone Nebula</B></div> <div> Can you spot the Christmas Tree arrangement of bright  stars in the centre?! The brightest </div> <div> star is the 'trunk' and the Cone Nebula is about where the fairy might sit at the top of the tree.</div> <div> Telescope: 80mm Megrez fluorite triplet apo refractor</div> <div> F-ratio: 4.8</div> <div> Camera: Starlight Xpress SXV-H9 CCD</div> <div> Filter: Astronomik 13nm H-alpha</div> <div> Exposures: L = 101 x 2 min</div> <div> Conditions: substantial crescent moon nearby but fairly</div> <div> transparent skies</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1b8afd60.jpg" border=0 width="687" height="470" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> NGC 7635 'The Bubble' and M52</div> <div> H-alpha:G:B  45x2mins:20x2mins:24x2mins  SXV-H9 CCD on Orion 80 ED Apo refractor @ F4.8</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Planetary nebulae</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1ae58b90.jpg" border=0 width="600" height="441" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>M27 'The Dumbbell'</B></div> <div>   </div> <div> 80mm Megrez triplet fluorite apo refractor @ F4.8.</div> <div> Exposures of H-alpha 30 x 2', Green 11 x 2 min and Blue 10 x 2' with an SXV-H9 CCD.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="181b1a30.jpg" border=0 width="177" height="163" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC 2392 'Eskimo'   <IMG SRC="182766c0.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="108" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  IC5148</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="184b1850.jpg" border=0 width="177" height="133" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M57 'Ring'   <IMG SRC="186b18c0.jpg" border=0 width="177" height="140" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M76 'Lttle Dumbbell'</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="187b1a20.jpg" border=0 width="177" height="162" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M97 'Owl'   <IMG SRC="189ecd80.jpg" border=0 width="236" height="216" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M27 'Dumbbell'</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Reflection nebulae</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="16076590.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="89" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC2261   <IMG SRC="16176590.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="89" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC7023   <IMG SRC="16676550.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="85" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC 1975</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="188b18b0.jpg" border=0 width="177" height="139" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M78</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Stars and Star Clusters</B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1bd55ff0.jpg" border=0 width="341" height="255" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/Pleiades" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/Pleiades">M45: The Pleiades</A></div> <bR> <div> 24.10.08  LRGB   L = 47 x 1 min; R = 10 x 1 min; G = 12 x 1 min; B = 12 x 1 min all binned 2x2.</div> <div> Megrez 80mm Apo Refractor @ F4.8; SXV-H9 CCD; Baader UV/IR rejection filter; Trutek R,G and B.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1beaf030.jpg" border=0 width="687" height="515" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>NGC 869 and NGC 884: The Double Cluster in Perseus</B></div> <bR> <div> 27.10.08  RGB  R = 12 x 1 min; G = 11 x 1 min; B = 10 x 1 min</div> <div> Megrez 80mm Apo Refractor @ F4.8; SXV-H9 CCD; Baader UV/IR rejection filter; Trutek R,G and B.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1bfa8f90.jpg" border=0 width="680" height="505" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>NGC 457: The Owl Cluster</B></div> <bR> <div> 27.10.08  RGB  R = 11 x 1 min; G = 10 x 1 min; B = 10 x 1 min</div> <div> Megrez 80mm Apo Refractor @ F4.8; SXV-H9 CCD; Baader UV/IR rejection filter; Trutek R,G and B.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1a3f4a70.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="423" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Open clusters M35 and NGC 2158 in Gemini</B></div> <div> The cluster on the left (M35) appears larger than the one on the right (NGC 2158) because </div> <div> at a distance of a 'mere' 2,700 light years, M35 is  less than a sixth of the distance to </div> <div> NGC 2158. M35 is believed to be 'only' 95 million years old and so it is dominated by 'young' </div> <div> brilliant blue-white stars. NGC 2158 has been around for more than a billion years and so </div> <div> a far higher proportion of its stars have evolved into red giants, giving this cluster a more </div> <div> mellow hue. Technical details: stack of a total of 64 x 2 min exposures through R, G and B </div> <div> filters using a SXV-H9 CCD on a Megrez 80 Apo refractor @ F4.8. Cloud meant it took three </div> <div> nights to complete!</div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/M35NGC2158" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/M35NGC2158">CLICK HERE FOR A WIDER ANGLE VERSION (220k 800 x 559)</A></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="19827360.jpg" border=0 width="295" height="310" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">    <IMG SRC="19a27360.jpg" border=0 width="295" height="310" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div>  'Owl cluster'                                               M67</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="19b27fa0.jpg" border=0 width="295" height="250" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     </div> <div> M11 'Wild duck cluster'                             </div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1a6f4a30.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="419" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Omega Centauri - the largest globular star cluster in our galaxy</div> <div> ~ 15min exposure Elitechrome 200 colour reversal film, 25cm Meade LX200 SCT @ F6.3</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1b2a0b50.jpg" border=0 width="928" height="693" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B>Double Cluster in Perseus</B></div> <bR> <div> 135mm F2.8 lens with Astronomik 13nm H-alpha filter mounted in front.</div> <div> Total exposure of 21min with an SXV-H9 CCD.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="18becae0.jpg" border=0 width="236" height="174" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">        <IMG SRC="18c27f60.jpg" border=0 width="295" height="246" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Arcturus through a net curtain!         Albireo (colourful double star)</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Galaxies</B></div> <bR> <div> <TABLE BORDER="2" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="791" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 391 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="1a9f47e0.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="382" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> <tD VALIGN=TOP><NOBR><div> <B> </B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>  NGC 4565</B></div> <bR> <div>    Telescope: 30cm Meade LX200 SCT</div> <div>    F-ratio: 6.3</div> <div>    Camera: Starlight Xpress SXV-H9 CCD</div> <div>    Filters: Trutek LRGB, Baader UV/IR blocker,</div> <div>    Astronomik 13nm H-alpha</div> <div>    Exposures: L = 102 x 1 min  2 x 2 binned;</div> <div>    R = 11 x 1 min in H-alpha 4 x 4 binned, </div> <div>    28 x 1 min in R  4 x 4 binned; G = 20 x 1 min</div> <div>    4 x 4 binned; B = 33 x 1 min 4 x 4 binned.</div> <div>    Conditions: crescent moon throughout L</div> <div>    exposures. Good transparency for most of</div> <div>    the time, but deteriorated as I progressed</div> <div>    through to the B filter.</div> <div>  </div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>M81, M82 and NGC 3077 - a galaxy trio</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1ba58c00.jpg" border=0 width="600" height="448" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> Megrez 80mm fluorite triplet Apo refractor @ F4.8; SXV-H9 CCD; Trutek LRGB filters and Baader UV/IR </div> <div> blocker. L = 130 minutes total exposure 1x1, R = 29 minutes 2x2 binned, G = 29 minutes 2x2 binned, </div> <div> B = 30 minutes 2x2 binned.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.petergarbett.com/trio" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.petergarbett.com/trio"><B>Click here for full resolution version</B></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="19ef43e0.jpg" border=0 width="500" height="318" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> M31 'Andromeda Galaxy'</div> <div> Orion 80 ED Apo refractor @ F4.8 with SXV-H9 CCD.</div> <div> 60 x 2mins Luminance: 8 x 2mins 2x2 binned for RGB.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="158765a0.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="90" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  NGC253    <IMG SRC="19376710.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="113" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  NGC4038/9   <IMG SRC="194765a0.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="90" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  NGC55   </div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="192765b0.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="91" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC7814    <IMG SRC="191765d0.jpg" border=0 width="118" height="93" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> NGC891     <IMG SRC="18f967d0.jpg" border=0 width="150" height="125" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> M83</div> <div> <IMG SRC="190aa900.jpg" border=0 width="170" height="144" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">         <IMG SRC="18a9d9d0.jpg" border=0 width="413" height="413" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">  </div> <div>                 M104                                                                M51         </div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>Constellations</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1bc58860.jpg" border=0 width="600" height="390" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> Ursa Major aka 'Plough' or 'Great Bear'</div> <bR> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1bb588b0.jpg" border=0 width="600" height="395" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> Bootes and Corona Borealis aka 'Herdsman' and 'Northern Crown'</div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>